ggplot2 is a system for declaratively creating graphics, based on The Grammar of Graphics. You provide the data, tell ggplot2 how to map variables to aesthetics, what graphical primitives to …

ggplot2 is an R package for producing visualizations of data. Unlike many graphics packages, ggplot2 uses a conceptual framework based on the grammar of graphics. This allows you to …

All ggplot2 plots begin with a call to ggplot(), supplying default data and aesthetic mappings, specified by aes(). You then add layers, scales, coords and facets with +.

ggplot() initializes a ggplot object. It can be used to declare the input data frame for a graphic and to specify the set of aesthetic mappings for the plot, intended to be common throughout all …

In addition, ggplot2 provides a conversion factor as the variable .pt, so if you want to draw 12pt text, you can also set size = 12 / .pt. Justification Horizontal and vertical justification have the …

Aesthetics geom_point() understands the following aesthetics. Required aesthetics are displayed in bold and defaults are displayed for optional aesthetics: ... The fill aesthetic only applies to …

Thus, ggplot2 will by default try to guess which orientation the layer should have. Under rare circumstances, the orientation is ambiguous and guessing may fail. In that case the orientation …

How can I make a bar plot of group means? Either calculate the group means first and use geom_col() to draw the bars or let ggplot2 calculate the means with stat_summary() with fun = …

By default, ggplot2 expands the scale by 5% on each side for continuous variables and by 0.6 units on each side for discrete variables. To keep the default expansion on top while removing …

See also vars() for another quoting function designed for faceting specifications. Run vignette("ggplot2-specs") to see an overview of other aesthetics that can be modified. Delayed …