In October 2025, the US Department of Labor made three major changes to H-2A regulations to reduce the cost of H-2A workers. DOL. Trade was in the news in 2025 because of President Trump’s trade war.

Industry observers expect 10 percent of the 6,000 California wineries to close in 2025 after up to 30 percent of the wine grapes grown in 2024 and 2025 were not harvested. Over 35 percent of the wine ...

The 27-member EU reached a framework agreement on trade with the US in July 2025 that will see the US impose 15 percent tariffs on most EU imports, including cars and wine, while maintaining zero ...

In the first 100 days of his second administration, Trump took more than 100 executive actions on immigration, aiming to block the arrival of asylum seekers at the border, end temporary protected ...

During the 1930s, some 1.3 million Americans from the Midwest and southwest migrated to California, which had a population of 5.7 million in 1930s. The arrival of Okies and Arkies set the stage for ...

Agriculture employed a quarter of the world’s workers in 2019. The share of the world’s workers employed in agriculture fell from 1.1 billion or 40 percent of 2.6 billion workers in 2000 to 884 ...

The US has 50 million or almost 20 percent of the world’s 280 million international migrants, far more than Germany (16 million), Saudi Arabia (13 million), and Russia (12 million). The US admits over ...

The H-2A program allows US farmers who anticipate shortages of seasonal workers to be certified by DOL to recruit and employ H-2A workers to fill seasonal jobs for up to 10 months. There is no cap on ...

Employment in California agriculture (NAICS 11) averaged 404,000 in 2020, 10 percent more than average agricultural employment of 367,000 in 1990. Seasonality, as measured by the peak-trough ratio or ...

GAO . The GAO released a report (25-106389) in November 2024 that called for more oversight of the H-2A program and enforcement of H-2A regulations. The number of H-2A jobs quadrupled between FY13 and ...

The share of US workers who were union members fell to 10 percent in 2022, down from 20 percent in 1983. The wage and salary workforce rose by 50 percent between 1983 and 2022 while the number of ...