ZPD is the gap between a learner’s independent abilities and what they can achieve with guidance from a more knowledgeable other (MKO). Table of Contents What Is The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) ...

The "zone of proximal development" is a concept introduced by a Russian psychologist and child development specialist named Lev Vygotsky. While the concept is usually applied to children and ...

“Personalized learning” is a term that people take quite personally—and that leads to a variety of interpretations about what it means. That’s a problem, says John Reyes, director of educational ...

Vol. 45, No. 1, Special Issue: Models and Tools for Systems Learning and Instruction (February 2017), pp. 5-24 (20 pages) Our paper builds on the construct of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) ...