On August 6, 1945, the sky above the Japanese city of Hiroshima opened. A blinding flash, then a deafening sonic boom. An entire city pulverized in seconds. Thus began the nuclear age. Today, 80 years ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...

THE experimental study of atomic spectra has a long and distinguished history. Even the descriptive analysis of spectra in terms of series and term values the systematic botany of spectra has a ...

The 1945 Trinity test produced heat 10,000 times greater than the surface of the sun and spread fallout across the country. Tina Cordova and her mother, Rosalie, relax at Bonito Lake, New Mexico, in ...

Editor’s Note: Professor WERNER HEISENBERG, who was born in Duisburg in 1901, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 for his work on the quantum theory. A member of the faculty of the ...

Seventy-five years ago in summer 1945, the United States' plans for unleashing its atomic bombs went beyond Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Focusing his gaze on Japan, Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, head of the ...

One of the earliest topics encountered by students of chemistry is atomic theory (the structure of the atom). The Building Atoms, Ions and Isotopes HD Lite app is a free app by Carolina Biological ...